Section outline
-
Key terminology:
-
Ivan Mazepa (Ivan Mazepa / Іван Мазепа) – The long-ruling Hetman of Ukraine (1687–1709), renowned patron of arts and education, who ultimately allied with Sweden to break free from Muscovite domination.
-
Mazepa Baroque (Mazepynske baroko / Мазепинське бароко) – A distinctive architectural and cultural synthesis in late 17th- and early 18th-century Ukraine, characterized by massive patron-funded construction of churches, monasteries, and educational institutions (such as the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy).
-
Great Northern War (1700–1721) (Velyka Pivnichna viina / Велика Північна війна) – The pan-European conflict between the Tsardom of Muscovy and the Swedish Empire, which forced the Cossack Hetmanate into heavy military and financial burdens.
-
Swedish Alliance (1708) (Shvedskyi soiuz / Шведський союз) – The secret diplomatic and military pact concluded between Hetman Ivan Mazepa and King Charles XII of Sweden to secure Ukraine’s independence from Muscovite suzerainty.
-
Sack of Baturyn (1708) (Baturynska trahediia / Батуринська трагедія) – The brutal destruction of the Hetman’s capital by Muscovite forces under Alexander Menshikov, involving the massacre of its civilian population and garrison to suppress Mazepa’s uprising.
-
Battle of Poltava (1709) (Poltavska bytva / Полтавська битва) – The decisive battle in which Peter I’s forces defeated Charles XII and Mazepa, marking a major geopolitical turning point in East-Central Europe.
-
Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk (1710) (Konstytutsiia Pylypa Orlyka / Конституція Пилипа Орлика) – A landmark constitutional document drafted in exile by Mazepa's successor, establishing the separation of powers, Cossack rights, and the rule of law.
-
Reshetylivka Articles (1709) (Reshetylivski statti / Решетилівські статті) – Restrictive administrative articles imposed by Peter I on the subsequent Hetman (Ivan Skoropadsky), severely limiting Cossack self-governance.
-
First Little Russian Collegium (1722–1727) (Persha Malorosijska kolehiia / Перша Малоросійська колегія) – A Muscovite administrative body of imperial officers established to oversee the Hetman’s governance, taxation, and military administration.
-
Destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich (1709) (Znyshchennia Zaporizkoi Sichi / Знищення Запорозької Січі) – The razing of the Chortomlyk Sich by imperial troops in retaliation for the Zaporozhian Cossacks supporting Mazepa.
-