Section outline
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Dear students! We are starting to study the course "Philosophy" - a science and discipline that has shaped the worldview of humanity for millennia, influenced the development of science, culture and society. Perhaps you will have a question: why does an engineer or mechanic need philosophy? After all, you are preparing to work with technology, calculations and specific practical tasks. I urge you not to perceive this course as a formality, but as an opportunity to broaden your horizons, learn to think more freely and creatively. After all, a true specialist is not only a master of his craft, but also a person with a broad worldview.
Therefore, I invite you to a joint journey into the world of philosophical ideas, dialogue and the search for truth.
With respect and hope for cooperation, your lecturer and author of the course, Assoc. Prof., Ph.D. Chkheaylo Iryna Ivanivna
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Philosophy is not only a “history of wise thoughts”, but also a living practice of thinking that teaches you to navigate in a rapidly changing world. It provides tools that allow you not only to create technical solutions, but also to assess their impact on people and society.
Philosophy is needed precisely in order to learn to see the broader context of your profession. It will help you: develop critical thinking and the ability to analyze complex problems; understand the relationship between science, technology and society; realize the value of human life, ethical and social aspects of engineering activities; learn to ask questions and seek solid answers to them.
COURSE DURATION
3 CREDITS, 90 HOURS, 16 WEEKS
COURSE CONTENT
90 HOURS, of which:
32 hours of lectures
16 hours of practical classes
42 hours of independent work
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The purpose of considering this topic is to determine the worldview nature of philosophical knowledge, its difference from myth, religion and specific scientific knowledge. After studying this topic, you will know: How did the historical process of developing a person's awareness of the essence of the world and his place in it take place? What are the common features and differences of historical types of worldview: myth, religion and philosophy? What are the features of the methodology of philosophical research? What role does philosophy play in the formation of a comprehensively developed personality?
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The aim is to briefly consider the history of philosophy in the countries of the Ancient East, whose peoples had unique philosophical ideas and contributed to the development of philosophical thought in the ancient slave-owning world and tried to solve the questions that Western philosophy later dealt with. By studying the material on this topic, you will learn: When and why does a philosophical worldview arise? What are the features of philosophical thinking in the countries of the Ancient East.
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Objective: to clarify the social, ideological, and intellectual factors of the emergence of philosophy in ancient Greece, to consider and characterize the first philosophical schools of Greece and its first philosophers. To consider the teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, the features and differences of Hellenistic-Roman philosophy and the leading Roman philosophical schools.
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Purpose: to study medieval philosophy as a synthesis of two traditions: Christian ideology and ancient philosophy. Theocentrism of medieval philosophy: man and nature as God's creation Scholasticism as a rational justification of theology. The polemic between realism and nominalism. To consider the teachings of Thomas Aquinas - the systematizer of medieval scholasticism. To study the main ideas of Renaissance philosophy, its specifics and features. To pay special attention to the idea of humanism, its content and place in European culture. To find out the features of pantheistic natural philosophy and its role in the formation of European culture. To consider the teachings of Nicholas of Cusa about man, and N. Copernicus and J. Bruno about the infinite Universe. To get acquainted with the socio-political concepts of the Renaissance.
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Objective: to find out the influence of the scientific revolution of the 16th-17th centuries on the development of philosophy. To explore the opposing directions in the philosophy of the Modern Age: empiricism and rationalism, materialism and idealism. To consider the concept of a new science by F. Bacon, the principle of universal doubt by R. Descartes, the anthropology and philosophy of movement by B. Spinoza, the philosophical views of J. Locke, D. Hume, J. Berkeley and G.W. Leibniz. To get acquainted with the philosophy of the Enlightenment and its main directions: deistic (J.-L. Montesquieu, F.M. Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau) and materialistic (Holbach, Helvetius, Diderot).
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Purpose: to consider the main directions, trends and schools of irrationalist philosophy. In particular, anthropological directions in philosophy (philosophy of life, existentialism, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, etc.), as well as positivism and its evolution, to get acquainted with the philosophy of the late twentieth century, to consider postmodernism and its manifestations. To investigate: the emergence, development and historical fate of Marxism, the formation of the philosophical position of K. Marx, the materialist understanding of history.
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Purpose: to consider the philosophy of the ancient Slavs, the philosophy of the Renaissance, the philosophical and humanistic ideas of the Enlightenment in Ukraine. To get acquainted with the professional philosophy of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, the philosophy of G.S. Skovoroda. To study Ukrainian philosophy of the 19th - 20th centuries. and Ukrainian philosophy of modernity.